Color is the first distinguishing factor between dark roast coffee and medium roast. There is also a light roast coffee, though I'm not too familiar with that.
Papa Daniel From the Coffee Forum explains Dark Roast this way:
The darker coffee is roasted then more moisture content that is lost (hense the oils on the surface of the coffee) and caffeine is also chemically broken down and lost with that moisture content.
Dark roast coffees do not necessarily equate to burned coffee, in fact, when I roast espresso beans, they are dark but only roasted about 10 degrees hotter than my standard drip coffee blends and for a slightly longer time. I personally do not care for french roast coffee but do love a dark(er) roasted espresso with oils on the surface.
As a note, espresso only contains about 45% of the caffeine of regular drip coffee partly because of the roasting method and partly because of the quick brewing method that does not allow for the caffeine to be extracted as thoroughly as with drip brew.
As far as labels of Dark, Medium and Light roasted, there are some very vague standards. With coffee roasting there are two phases that coffee goes through typically referred to 1st and 2nd crack which are physical sounds the coffee makes as it is going through first an endothermic process then second an exothermic.
Coffee is palatably anytime after first crack and well after 2nd crack. When I label coffee "light roasted" I mean just before 2nd crack starts. Regular Roasts for our coffee roastery is just past 2nd crack by about 1-3 minutes and just before the oils begin to show during the roasting. A dark roast will be oils present on some of the beans during roasting that will translate to a completely glossy and partially oily bean.
Espresso roasts are typically a little darker with the bean completely oily but still chocolately brown. Charbroiled is not good in our "house."
Hope this helps from a roasters perspective.
Papa
When it comes to roasting coffee let's watch this video on coffee roasting basics:
This goes from green coffee beans roasting them to dark roast.
Fitappy shows us how to roast coffee beans at home...who knew roasting coffee was so much like popping corn?
The Yankeeprepper shares how to make coffee at home too, only he shares with how the old style coffee roasting took place.
If the world ends, I think I need a coffee tree!
You can get green coffee beans over at amazon. Who knew you could store green beans for so long..totally going into my food storage. After all what is the point of surviving the worst if you don't have a cup of coffee to enjoy your victory by?
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